A spinal cord stimulator can help manage chronic pain, but its effectiveness and tolerability may change over time. When problems develop, patients and their medical teams must choose whether to adjust, repair, or remove the device. Spinal cord stimulator removal may be appropriate when complications arise or the device no longer provides meaningful benefit. The decision depends on the underlying problem, available alternatives, and the risks of continued use. Reasons for Spi

A vertebra does not always stay perfectly aligned with the one below it. When one vertebra shifts out of position, the condition is known as spondylolisthesis. For some patients, the change causes little or no noticeable discomfort. For others, it can be associated with persistent back pain or symptoms affecting the legs. Because the condition does not always produce a clear set of symptoms, spondylolisthesis can remain unidentified until it is discovered during an evaluation

When patients hear the term "minimally invasive spine surgery," many immediately think of a smaller incision. While smaller incisions are one advantage of certain minimally invasive procedures, they are only part of what has changed. Modern minimally invasive spine surgery combines detailed imaging, specialized instruments, advanced visualization, navigation technology, and careful surgical planning to reach the area causing symptoms while limiting unnecessary disruption to s